Case based approach for Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion, referred to as build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing. The most common causes of pleural effusion are...

• A 59-year-old non-smoking female presented with cough, shortness of breath, low-grade fever, and weight loss. Initial investigation should be a chest X-ray, especially if cough persists for over two weeks, accompanied by sputum examination. The X-ray revealed moderate effusion on the right side, prompting further investigation.