congenital abnormalities and developmental disorders

Congenital abnormalities and developmental disorders refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the growth and development of an individual from birth. These abnormalities can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Congenital abnormalities are present...

• Congenital defects, present at birth or developing within the first month, encompass structural, functional, and metabolic anomalies. Etiology can be genetic (single gene, multiple gene, chromosomal) or non-genetic (teratogenic, idiopathic), with multifactorial inheritance being most common. While 3% of live-born infants show major anomalies, this increases to 6% by age two and 8% by age five, indicating delayed diagnosis.